Balance de la ley 1978 del 2019. Impactos y efectos del regulador convergente
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Resumen en español
No es facil evidenciar que la CRC se le puede desarrollar un nuevo régimen propio, donde se elimine toda relación con la Rama Ejecutiva, (MINTIC) pero que el organismo siga siendo parte de la Administracion Publica, para guardar una relación directa con el presidente de la Republica. 1. Las funciones de la CRC no tienen autonomía e independencia al regular el sector TIC Como se analizó en capítulos anteriores en los antecedentes de la Ley 1978 y sus atributos legales del regulador, modificados y mejorado, se evidenció que la CRC todavía no es un organismo independiente. Ya que el MinTIC, sigue con funciones de generar políticas públicas como de asignar el espectro radioeléctrico, registro público de todas las frecuencias electromagnéticas, reglamentar el otorgamiento y prorroga de las concesiones de espacio de televisión, asignar concesiones para la operación del servicio público de televisión, fijar tarifas, tasas y derechos asociados a la concesión que se refiere la ley 182 de 1995 inspección y vigilancia, administrar el uso y nombre del dominio .com, Si bien la CRC cuenta con un patrimonio independiente, parte del proviene de aportes que realizan otras entidades nacionales, generando así riesgo de captura; y continúa integrando el Sector TIC, lo que ocasiona que deba seguir las políticas nacionales de dicho sector, sigue siendo adscrita al MINTIC Además de lo anterior, el análisis de las competencias de la Comisión se direcciona a que su eficiente y eficaz direccionamiento no es necesario estar adscrita a otra entidad, integrar un sector administrativo ni estructurarse bajo una unidad administrativa especial. Si bien Colombia inició su camino a la consolidación sectorial ampliando las competencias del regulador sectorial, pero sin contar con un modelo convergente, sino contar con régimen diferencial entre los servicios de telecomunicaciones, televisión y sector postal y la apertura de uso eficiente de las TIC, avanzando en conectar cada vez más a los colombianos, garantizando el acceso a muchos más sitios de territorio, masificando el uso de las tecnologías y progresando en oportunidades, bienestar y calidad de vida. Lo anterior, lejos de parecer un regulador autónomo, lo ha dejado atado a funciones no normativas, protocolos y procedimientos que lo identifican y describen como una Entidad meramente consultiva y conceptual con dificultades para la dirección y el ejercicio de sus facultades en cuanto a asuntos relacionados con abuso de posición dominante, regular los mercados de las redes y los servicios de comunicaciones y garantizar la protección de los derechos de los usuarios. 2. Creación o reestructuración de una entidad con el fin de regularlos mercados para evitar posición de dominio y satisfacer las necesidades de los usuarios finales y del mercado De acuerdo a nuestro mandato constitucional, la regulación esta en cabeza del estado, para evitar comportamientos erróneos de operadores para tener beneficio personal y así manipular el mercado y llegar a una posición documente, es el estado pro medio de sus agencias o comisiones quien entra a ejercer esta facultad para la corrección de los fallos de mercado y cumplir con lso fines esenciales del estado los cuales son ” servir a la comunidad, promover la prosperidad general y garantizar la efectividad de los principios, derechos y deberes consagrados en la Constitución; facilitar la participación de todos en las decisiones que los afectan y en la vida económica, política, administrativa y cultural de la Nación; defender la independencia nacional, mantener la integridad territorial y asegurar la convivencia pacífica y la vigencia de un orden justo. Las autoridades de la República están instituidas para proteger a todas las personas residentes en Colombia, en su vida, honra, bienes, creencias, y demás derechos y libertades, y para asegurar el cumplimiento de los deberes sociales del Estado y de los particulares.” 1 Solo en el evento de tatar de corregir las fallas del mercado, como objeto de la regulación si se podría entender que es una entidad independiente en su objetivo y actuar. Pero esta capacidad de corrección se ve limitada ya que solo tiene facultades sancionatorias solo en caso de reportes erróneos.
Resumen en inglés
It is not easy to show that the CRC can develop a new regime of its own, where all relationship with the Executive Branch (MINTIC) is eliminated but that the body continues to be part of the Public Administration, to maintain a direct relationship with the president of the Republic 1. The quality and qualities of the commissioners impede functional independence, which is why the CRC was restructured. As noted earlier, the CRC is made up of two sessions, the Audiovisual Content Commission and the Communications Commission, and in each of them the commissioners are elected in different ways. After the foregoing, although today the CRC declares that the Government does not exercise force or interference in the decisions that I adopt, it cannot be shown that the election mechanisms and the term of office of the commissioners are elements that do not allow functional independence to be achieved. of the regulator and optimize their autonomy, so they should be reformed. Both in force, as in choice and knowledge and market capacities In addition to their dependence on some commissioners with the MINTIC sector, the mandate of the commissioners is 4 years, which coincides with the electoral cycles of the Executive and Legislative branches, a factor that accentuates the risk of capture by political bodies and elimination of its independence. At the time, an attempt was made to eliminate the direct election of the commissioner of the regional television operators, and that said commissioner be chosen by the operators, but from a list of possible commissioners drawn up after a merit contest under the rules of the other two commissioners who make up the session. However, with the Session of the Communications Commission, the elimination of the direct appointment of a commissioner by the President of the Republic and the participation of the ICT minister or his delegate was outlined and, instead, it was proposed that, as television operators, the head of government chose his appointee and, in addition, another commissioner, from the names that appear on an elective list, after a merit contest held under the rules of the two members of the Session of Audiovisual Content Commission. As for the three commissioners who also make up the Session of the Communications Commission, in the same sense it was suggested that their method of election be a merit contest, but rather that it be carried out with the same parameters as the contest of the two commissioners of the Session. of Content Commission Audiovisuals. In this order of ideas, it is not easy to show that the CRC can develop its own new regime, where all relationship with the Executive Branch (MINTIC) is eliminated but that the organization continues to be part of the Public Administration, to keep a direct relationship with the President of the Republic. 2, The functions of the CRC do not have autonomy and independence when regulating the ICT sector As analyzed in previous chapters in the background of the 1978 Law and its legal attributes of the regulator, modified and improved, it became clear that the CRC is not yet an independent body. Since the MinTIC continues with the functions of generating public policies such as assigning the radio spectrum, public registration of all electromagnetic frequencies, regulating the granting and extension of television space concessions, assigning concessions for the operation of the public television service , set rates, fees and rights associated with the concession referred to in law 182 of 1995 inspection and surveillance, manage the use and name of the .com domain, Although the CRC has an independent patrimony, part of it comes from contributions made by other national entities, thus generating the risk of capture; and continues to integrate the ICT Sector, which means that it must follow the national policies of said sector, it continues to be attached to the MINTIC In addition to the above, the analysis of the powers of the Commission is directed to the fact that its efficient and effective management does not need to be attached to another entity, integrate an administrative sector or be structured under a special administrative unit. Although Colombia began its path to sectoral consolidation by expanding the powers of the sectoral regulator, but without having a convergent model, but instead having a differential regime between telecommunications, television and postal services and the opening of efficient use of ICTs, advancing in connecting more and more Colombians, guaranteeing access to many more places in the territory, massifying the use of technologies and progressing in opportunities, well-being and quality of life. The foregoing, far from appearing to be an autonomous regulator, has left it tied to non-regulatory functions, protocols and procedures that identify and describe it as a merely consultative and conceptual Entity with difficulties in managing and exercising its powers regarding matters related to with abuse of a dominant position, regulate the markets for communications networks and services and guarantee the protection of the rights of users. 3, Creation or restructuring of an entity in order to regulate the markets to avoid a dominant position and satisfy the needs of end users and the market According to our constitutional mandate, the regulation is headed by the state, to avoid erroneous behavior of operators to have personal benefit and thus manipulate the market and reach a documented position, it is the state through its agencies or commissions who enters into exercise this power to correct market failures and comply with the essential purposes of the state, which are “to serve the community, promote general prosperity, and guarantee the effectiveness of the principles, rights, and duties enshrined in the Constitution; facilitate the participation of all in the decisions that affect them and in the economic, political, administrative and cultural life of the Nation; defend national independence, maintain territorial integrity and ensure peaceful coexistence and the validity of a just order. The authorities of the Republic are instituted to protect all persons residing in Colombia, in their life, honor, property, beliefs, and other rights and freedoms, and to ensure compliance with the social duties of the State and individuals.” Only in the event of trying to correct market failures, as an object of regulation, could it be understood that it is an independent entity in its objective and act. But this correction capacity is limited since it only has sanctioning powers only in case of erroneous reports